Cocoa feem ntau yog txuam nrogchocolatethiab muaj ntau yam khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem lees paub cov yam ntxwv zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv.Cocoa taum yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev noj haus polyphenols, uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dua li cov zaub mov feem ntau.Nws paub zoo tias polyphenols cuam tshuam nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv, yog li ntawd cocoa yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv polyphenols, thiab tsaus chocolate, uas muaj cov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cacao thiab siab antioxidants tebchaw nrog rau lwm hom chocolate, tau xav tias tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv.

Khoom noj khoom haus yam ntawm cocoa

Cocoa muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov rog, ~ 40 -50% muaj nyob rau hauv cocoa butter.Qhov no suav nrog 33% oleic acid, 25% palmitic acid, thiab 33% stearic acid.Cov ntsiab lus polyphenol yog kwv yees li 10% ntawm tag nrho cov taum qhuav qhuav.Cov polyphenols uas cocoa muaj xws li catechins (37%), anthocyanidins (4%), thiab proanthocyanins (58%).Cov proanthocyanins yog cov phytonutrient tshaj plaws hauv cocoa.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov iab ntawm polyphenols yog vim li cas cov noob taum cocoa tsis tau ua tiav;manufacturers tau tsim cov txheej txheem ua kom tshem tawm qhov iab no.Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no ua rau txo qis cov ntsiab lus polyphenol.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm polyphenol tuaj yeem txo qis mus txog kaum npaug.

Cocoa taum kuj muaj cov tshuaj nitrogenous - cov no suav nrog cov protein thiab methylxanthines, uas yog theobromine thiab caffeine.Cocoa kuj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, phosphorus, hlau, poov tshuaj, tooj liab, thiab magnesium.

Cov teebmeem ntawm cov hlab plawv ntawm kev noj cocoa

cocoa yog feem ntau noj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm chocolate;Kev noj cov qhob noom xim kasfes tau pom tias muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv ntiaj teb no, nrog rau cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsaus nti tau nrov zuj zus vim nws qhov siab ntawm cocoa thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv piv rau cov mis nyuj chocolate.Tsis tas li ntawd, tuaj ntawm chocolates nrog qis cocoa cov ntsiab lus xws li mis nyuj chocolate feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov xwm txheej tsis zoo vim muaj cov piam thaj ntau thiab cov rog.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ingesting cocoa, tsaus qhob noom xim kasfes yog lub predominant cocoa zaub mov txuam nrog kev noj qab haus huv-txhim kho cov teebmeem;cocoa nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv nyoos yog unpalatable.

Muaj ntau cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov hlab plawv uas cuam tshuam nrog kev noj cov khoom noj uas muaj cocoa thiab dej haus tsis tu ncua uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav siab, vascular thiab platelet ua haujlwm, thiab insulin tsis kam.

Polyphenols, uas muaj nyob rau hauv siab concentrations nyob rau hauv cocoa thiab tsaus qhob noom xim kasfes, yuav qhib endothelial nitrogen oxide synthase.Qhov no ua rau kev tsim cov nitrogen oxide, uas txo cov ntshav siab los ntawm kev txhawb nqa vasodilation.Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias muaj kev txhim kho hauv pulse wave speed thiab sclerotic score index.Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau dua ntawm cov ntshav plasma epicatechins pab nyob rau hauv kev tso tawm ntawm endothelium-derived vasodilators thiab nce cov concentration ntawm plasma procyanidins.Qhov no ua rau ntau dua ntawm nitrogen oxide, thiab nws bioavailability.

Thaum tso tawm, nitrogen oxide kuj ua rau txoj hauv kev ntawm prostacyclin synthesis, uas kuj ua rau vasodilator thiab yog li tseem pab tiv thaiv thrombosis.

Kev tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem tau qhia tias kev noj cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsis tu ncua, suav nrog <100g / lub lis piam, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis ntawm cov kab mob plawv;Cov koob tshuaj uas tsim nyog tshaj plaws ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes yog 45g / lub lis piam, raws li kev noj ntau dua, cov teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev noj qab haus huv siab.

Hais txog cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob plawv, Swedish txoj kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau txuas nrog kev noj cov qhob noom xim kasfes nrog txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm myocardial infarction thiab kab mob ischemic plawv.Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm kev noj cov qhob noom xim kasfes thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm atrial fibrillation tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv ib pawg ntawm Tebchaws Meskas cov kws kho mob.Nrog rau qhov no, kev tshawb fawb pej xeem ntawm 20,192 tus neeg koom tau ua tsis tiav los ua kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev noj cov qhob noom xim kasfes siab (txog 100 g / hnub) thiab teeb meem plawv tsis ua haujlwm.

Cocoa kuj tau pom tias ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev kho mob hlwb xws li mob stroke;Ib tug loj Japanese, pej xeem raws li, txoj kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau ntsuas qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob stroke hauv cov poj niam, tab sis tsis yog txiv neej, hais txog kev noj chocolate.

Cov nyhuv ntawm cocoa noj ntawm glucose homeostasis

Cocoa muaj flavanols uas txhim kho cov piam thaj homeostasis.Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb qeeb ntawm kev zom zaub mov thiab kev nqus hauv plab, uas ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm lawv qhov kev ua.Cocoa rho tawm thiab procyanidins tau pom tias koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, thiab secreted phospholipase A2.

Cocoa thiab nws cov flavanols kuj tau txhim kho cov piam thaj tsis hnov ​​​​tsw los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev thauj cov piam thaj thiab insulin signaling proteins hauv cov ntaub so ntswg uas nkag siab txog insulin xws li daim siab, cov ntaub so ntswg adipose, thiab cov leeg pob txha.Qhov no tiv thaiv oxidative thiab inflammatory puas cuam tshuam nrog hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib.

Cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv kuj tau tshaj tawm txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev noj cocoa thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntshav qab zib.Hauv ib pawg ntawm ntau haiv neeg, qhov kev pheej hmoo tsawg dua ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 tau pom, nrog kev noj ntau tshaj ntawm cov khoom lag luam chocolate thiab cocoa-derived flavonoids.

Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub Nyij Pooj kuj tau pom tias txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cev xeeb tub mob ntshav qab zib mellitus ntawm cov poj niam nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj quartile ntawm chocolate noj.

Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb uas qhia tau hais tias kev koom tes ntawm cocoa thiab qabzib homeostasis tau pom tias cocoa rho tawm thiab procyanidins inhibit zus tau tej cov enzymes rau kev zom cov carbohydrates thiab lipids, uas qhia ib tug putative lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog ib tug txo-calorie noj. .

Ntxiv mus, ib leeg-dig muag, randomized placebo-tswj crossover tib neeg txoj kev tshawb fawb tau qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig metabolic ntawm kev noj cov polyphenol-nplua nuj tsaus chocolate thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij tshwm sim nrog polyphenol-tsis zoo chocolates.

Cov nyhuv ntawm cocoa noj rau mob qog noj ntshav

Kev siv cocoa zoo rau kev mob qog noj ntshav yog teeb meem.Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los pib qhia tias kev noj cov qhob noom xim kasfes tuaj yeem yog qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab thiab lub mis.Txawm li cas los xij lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cocoa tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancerhauv vitro;Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav no tsis nkag siab zoo.

Hais txog cov khoom siv hauv cocoa uas ua rau muaj cov teebmeem tiv thaiv kabmob kheesxaws, procyanidins tshwj xeeb tau pom tias yuav txo tau qhov tshwm sim thiab ntau ntau ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntsws thiab txo cov thyroid adenoma loj hauv cov txiv neej nas.Cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam mammary thiab pancreatic tumorigenesis hauv poj niam nas.Cocoa procyanidins kuj txo cov kev ua ub no cuam tshuam nrog cov qog ua haujlwm xws li qog vascular endothelial kev loj hlob yam ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm angiogenic.

Kev kho mob ntawm ntau hom kab mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam nrog ntau qhov ntau ntawm cocoa nplua nuj nyob rau hauv procyanidin tau pom tias ua rau cytotoxicity thiab chemosensitization.Qhov tseem ceeb, feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov hlwb hauv G0 / G1 theem ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes nrog kev nce siab.Ntxiv rau qhov no, feem ntau ntawm cov hlwb kuj raug ntes nyob rau theem S.Cov teebmeem no tau xav tias yog los ntawm kev nce qib hauv cov cell ntawm reactive oxygen hom.

Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb kuj tau pom ntau yam cuam tshuam ntawm cocoa ntawm kev pheej hmoo thiab kis mob qog noj ntshav.Cocoa polyphenols tau pom tias tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vim muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog polyamine metabolism hauvhauv vitrokev tshawb fawb txog tib neeg.Hauvhauv vivonas kev tshawb fawb proanthocyanidins tam sim no nyob rau hauv tsaus qhob noom xim kasfes tau pom tias inhibit qhov mutagenicity ntawm pancreatic qog nqaij hlav nyob rau theem pib nrog rau exerting chemoprotective teebmeem nyob rau hauv lub ntsws, txo qhov tshwm sim thiab kis ntawm carcinomas nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj.

Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cocoa ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txo qis kev pheej hmoo lossis mob qog noj ntshav, kev txhais lus ntxiv thiab kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yog tsim nyog.

Cov nyhuv ntawm cocoa rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob

Cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob cuam tshuam txog kev siv cocoa lossis chocolate siv tau pom tias cov khoom noj uas muaj cocoa tuaj yeem hloov kho cov kab mob hauv plab hauv cov nas me.Hauv particular, theobromine thiab cocoa tau pom tias yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv antibody concentration nrog rau kev hloov kho cov lymphocyte muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv cov nas noj qab nyob zoo.

Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm tib neeg, ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav ob qhov muag tsis pom kev sib txawv tau pom tias kev noj cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsaus nti tau txhim kho leukocyte adhesion yam zoo li vascular muaj nuj nqi hauv cov txiv neej uas rog dhau.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg koom nrog kev sib tw, kev soj ntsuam, tib neeg txoj kev tshawb fawb uas tau haus cov cocoa tsawg tau pom tias muaj cov kab mob sib kis tsawg dua piv rau cov neeg siv qis dua.Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj cov cocoa tau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua xua thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev.

Cov nyhuv ntawm cocoa rau lub cev hnyav

Counterintuitively, muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev noj cocoa thiab nws lub luag haujlwm muaj peev xwm ua kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv kev rog thiab metabolic syndrome.Qhov no los ntawm ob pebhauv vitroKev tshawb nrhiav nas thiab nas nrog rau kev sim tswj kev sib tw, cov tib neeg yav tom ntej, thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev tswj xyuas tib neeg.

Hauv cov nas thiab nas, cov nas rog rog ntxiv nrog cocoa txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rog rog, kab mob siab rog, thiab insulin tsis kam.Cocoa noj kuj txo cov fatty acid synthesis thiab thauj mus rau daim siab thiab cov ntaub so ntswg adipose.

Hauv tib neeg, qhov tsis hnov ​​​​tsw lossis noj cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsaus tuaj yeem hloov pauv kev tshaib kev nqhis, txo qis qab los noj mov vim qhov hloov pauv hauv ghrelin, lub luag haujlwm rau kev xav ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis.Kev noj cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qib siab lipoprotein cholesterol (cov cholesterol 'zoo'), qhov sib piv ntawm lipoproteins, thiab cov cim o;Cov teebmeem zoo sib xws tau pom thaum noj cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsaus ua ke nrog almonds, tau pom tias txhim kho lipid profile hauv cov ntshav.

Zuag qhia tag nrho, cocoa thiab nws cov khoom tau los tuaj yeem ua cov khoom noj uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim tias lawv muaj ntau lub tebchaw tsim cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv.Nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv cuam tshuam rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, kab mob plawv, thiab cov kab mob metabolic rau npe ob peb.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev noj cocoa rau hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb.

Muaj qee qhov kev txwv nrog cov kev tshawb fawb tsim los tshawb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cocoa - uas yog, uas lawv ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cocoa thiab tsis yog chocolate nws tus kheej.Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias cocoa feem ntau noj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes, uas nws cov khoom noj khoom haus yog txawv ntawm cov cocoa.Yog li ntawd, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm chocolate rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv tsis yog tag nrho piv rau cov cocoa.

Lwm qhov kev txwv muaj xws li cov txheeb ze tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib kis tshuaj xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cocoa hauv ntau hom - xws li tsaus nti chocolate uas tau nce hauv kev muaj koob meej.Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau yam tsis txaus ntseeg xws li lwm yam khoom noj khoom haus, kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig, kev ua neej nyob, thiab ntim ntawm chocolate noj, nrog rau nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg uas txwv lub zog ntawm cov pov thawj qhia los ntawm kev tshawb fawb.

Kev tshawb nrhiav kev txhais lus ntxiv yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev haus cocoa, thiab chocolate thiab xyuas cov txiaj ntsig tau pom nyob rau hauv vitro xeem ntawm cov tsiaj.